Aphidius colemani, Aphidius ervi and Aphelinus abdominalis  � natural aphid parasites are very useful/effective for the prevention and low-infestation management of various aphid species. These 2-3 millimeter mini-wasps are best used for preventing the establishment of more than 40 species of aphids. They can also tackle light to medium infestations. And, if established, they can adequately protect a crop throughout the season. These parasitoids work by laying eggs in aphids. They can lay 200-300 eggs. Yellow sticky traps should be removed prior to releasing these mini-wasps. To monitor for thrips, use blue traps. If yellow traps must be used for whiteflies, etc., hang them for only two days per week. Ants, if present, should be controlled. They will defend aphids from predators and parasites to protect their honeydew food.
Optimum performance: 64-75� F, 80% relative humidity.
Release rates:

Species	Preventative	Hot Spots
Aphidius colemani	1-5/100 sq ft weekly	5-25/100 sq ft weekly
Aphidius ervi	1-5/100 sq ft weekly	5-25/100 sq ft weekly
Aphelinus abdominalis	2-5/100 sq ft weekly	10-25/100 sq ft weekly
Mixed	1/10 sq ft weekly as needed	5/10 sq ft weekly as needed

Biological Pest Control Agents
Biocontrols are an effective tool to growers in just about any situation. Bear in mind that when using biocontrols, a new set
of rules must be followed:
1. Growers must reduce the amounts of pesticides used, and in most cases, either substitute what�s on hand or, better yet, simply discontinue the use of pesticides entirely. (The outcome of this is typically a major reduction in applicator labor.)
2. Multiple releases of biocontrols are necessary in nearly every case, like most sprays, and should be thought of as a part of an overall program or strategy.
3. All live biocontrols are shipped next day air, from the grower, therefore freight costs can be high. Detailed short-term storage, handling and release instructions are included with every order.
Orders must be placed by Wednesday 12pm CST to get shipment by the following week. 
Note to growers: Information provided here is not complete. More information is needed to successfully implement a biocontrol program.